With respect to expansion and development of high rise buildings in Iran and their high energy consumption, it is vital to apply certain solutions in order to reduce the energy consumption. Shells and its components are the most essentials factors which impact in energy consumption. Regarding the importance of present research, the relation of OPENINGs and energy consumption in high rise building and Tehran’s climatic conditions is discussed. In this research, the basic model of research in regard to annual energy consumption has been stimulated by eQuest. In this process, the OPENING RATIO in basic model is considered 10% and then other tests with 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% as a whole and direction to direction have been carried out. The result displays that the OPENING RATIO and annual energy consumption of research model have a direct relationship in such a way that the reduction of OPENING RATIOn up to 20% can almost reduce the annual energy consumption to 17%. Also, the effectiveness of OPENING RATIOn differs in different buildings directions. The priority is given to south, east, west and north.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays the importance of reservoirs management makes the use of gates on the spillways crucial. This causes the change in hydraulic flow over the spillway and the aim of this study is to explore some of these hydraulic changes.Materials and Methods: In this research by using Flow-3D and volume of fluid (VOF method) and k-ε (RNG) turbulence model, chute spillway with ogee crest and flip bucket has been simulated.Results: Additionally investigation on the effects of 4 OPENINGs 15%, 30%, 45% and 100% which is done by radial gates, has shown that the increscent of OPENINGs causes increscent velocity, depth and cavitation potential on spillways. Also in some OPENINGs with low discharge, due to the formation of low discharge which is lower than sweep discharge, formation of flow aggregated on the spillway is possible and the hydraulic effects of this phenomena should be taken into consideRATIOn. Also by simulation of jet trajectory from the flip bucket, results showed low error in length and maximum height of the trajectory.Conclusion: In conclusion, using Flow-3D for prediction of tail water preservation is highly recommended. Eventually, two correlation for the dependency of length of the trajectory, maximum height, flow discharge and OPENING gate RATIO were presented.

Backdraft is a special phenomenon of fire that occurs in a closed environment with limited ventilation and it can increase temperature, pressure and intensify fire. In this paper, with the method of Large Eddy Simulation and using Fire Dynamics Simulator, the behavior of the backdraft phenomenon in a closed enclosure is investigated. Changing the aspect RATIO of OPENING, fuel injection from the combustion source and displacement of the combustion source are the three basic parameters whose effect on the dynamic and thermodynamic behavior of the backdraft to extinguish or delay it was investigated. The results indicate that if the fuel participates in reaction with a lower concentRATIOn, backdraft can occur at low pressures. By reducing the aspect RATIO of OPENING, the time of occurrence of the backdraft phenomenon was delayed and was able to reduce the peak dynamic pressure resulting from this phenomenon by nearly 4 Pascals; However, due to the presence of semi-combustible materials, the possibility of a second backdraft occurred. Also, by displacement the combustion source and bringing it closer to the OPENING, it was observed that the backdraft phenomenon occurred on a smaller scale and it is possible to extinguish it completely.

Background & Aims: Hydatid cyst is an endemic zoonosis in Iran which may involve various organs of body. Liver is involved in 80% of the cases; and lung is the second in 5-10% of cases. There are different methods for hydatid cyst surgery treatments; including Video Assisted Thoracic the Surgery, intact cystectomy, lobectomy, evacuation and bronchial OPENING closure (E.B.O.C). We have chosen the latter procedure.Materials & Methods: This paper is a retrospective review of 120 patients operated between 1990-2002. Results: The patients' age range was 3 up to 60 years; 62% males and 38% females. Patients present by symptoms as cough, sputum, bloody stained sputum, dyspnea, chest pain were 92% of the cases; 8% of the patients discovered incidentally. 10% of the patients suffered bloody stained sputum and 5% had intact hydatid cysts. Chest X ray used as a diagnostic procedure in 100% of the cases, and additional computerized tomography was (CT) used for 24 of the patients. Serologic tests used for 50% of the cases but it was not helpful in diagnosis. All patients were operated via a posterolateral thoracotomty. One hundred patients were operated by evacuation and Bronchial OPENING Closure (E.B.O.C), 8 patients lobectomy, and 5 patients by intact cystectomy and Wedge resections, and 7 patients were treated by Video Assisted Thoracotomy Surgery. There were no additional complication in one-year follow up in Evacuation and Bronchial OPENING Closure (E.B.O.C) procedure, and the residual cavity gradually filled up in 6 months. Conclusion: Using Evacuation and Bronchial OPENING Closure for long hydatic cyst didn't need any procedure to fill the remained cavity. After one year follow up there was not any recurrence or complication.

The energy that can be extracted from the ocean is inexhaustible. An oscillating water column (OWC) is a wave energy converter that extracts this energy. A numerical investigation has been conducted by altering relative OPENING (α) and orifice RATIO (τ) to assess the maximal energy of a land-fixed rectangular-based OWC model in a nonlinear wave field. The power of OWC has also been evaluated by the wave steepness (H/L) alteRATIOn. The numeric analysis has been imposed to obtain the optimal power using Fluent software in a three-dimensional tank. Validation of the present numeric model’s result correlates with the printed empirical data. The Finite Volume Method (FVM) solves RANS equations, and the relevant waves are generated at the inlet of the numerical tank by the inlet velocity approach. The efficiency (η) increases with relative OPENINGs (α) increase. The efficiency (η) decreases with wave steepness (H/L) increase. The η reaches the optimum shown in the study at H/L = 0. 02 and τ = 1. 03% for entire values of α. The excellent energy of around 71. 3% is attained at α =75% and H/L = 0. 02. This study is a highly relevant source of information that finds the optimal efficiency of a land-fixed rectangular base OWC and gives prior knowledge of the performance of OWC before the real-life experiment.

Background and Objectives: The OPENING and closing of the miter gates in the river direction have a special complexity that makes it necessary to study its effect on the bed-scouring pattern. The present study was performed on miter gate gates (in the single gate OPENING position) and investigated the effect of a single miter gate OPENING on the scouring volume of the riverbed (case study; Bahmanshir shipping gate). Timothy Loved (2012) used a physical model to investigate the condition of the upstream scour of the Dam of Mississippi River. The results showed that several holes were formed, the deepest of which is about 1. 22 meters deep. Materials and Methods: Based on the available laboratory facilities and conditions and the principle of similarity, a physical model with a scale of 20 (LR=20) was constructed. The present study tests were performed on the experimental flume in the hydraulic laboratory of Khuzestan Water and Power Industry Research Institute. In this study, the physical model of the miter gate was placed inside a rectangular flume 6 m long, 1. 30 m wide, and 0. 5 m deep. The depth of sediment from the half-flume to the end (approximately 3 m in length) was 20 cm and no sediment was considered upstream of the miter gate. Sediment particles used in the present study were supplied from Bahmanshir River, their average diameter (D50) was 0. 25 mm (D50=0. 25 mm) and determined by the Geotechnical Laboratory; Sedimentary particles were silt. In the direction of flow conveyance, the volume and amount of discharge were controlled by a valve and a digital flow meter. The flow slowly and with low discharge entered the flume and the desired hydraulic head was checked and recorded on both sides of the miter gate (upstream and downstream of the miter gate) and finally, the flow enters the pumping tank through the downstream channel after passing through the miter gate and the navigation lock area and returns to the cycle. The Miter gate was tested with different discharge RATIOs as well as different OPENING speeds when one of the miter gate gates was opened. The miter gate in this study was made of Teflon; Using a laser meter, the data of the flume bed elevation (erosion and sedimentation) were read, the values of which were calculated by volume. Results: According to the results of Buckingham's dimensional analysis, several experiments were performed to determine the effect of parameters such as miter gate OPENING velocity RATIO (2, 2. 4, 3) and different discharge RATIOs (0. 5, 0. 75 and 1) on the scouring volume was done along the flume. Conclusion: The results of the study of the effect of miter gate OPENING rate RATIO on volume and scour depth showed that in general, with increasing valve OPENING speed, scour volume increased and decreased, which was due to flow concentRATIOn for a longer time at lower OPENING speed and caused erosion. The depth was greater than the OPENING speed of the valve. The results showed that with increasing the OPENING speed of the valve, the erosion volume increased up to 17. 3%, and also with increasing the OPENING speed of the valve, the erosion depth decreased to 23%. It should be noted that with increasing flow, both the depth and the volume of the erosion hole increased, the depth of erosion increased to 18% and the volume of the hole increased to 17%. Regarding the hydraulic head, the results showed that with increasing the hydraulic head, the erosion depth increased to 42% and the scour volume increased to 85%.

Introduction: Clinical use of the late responses during routine neurophysiological examination has significantly increased the diagnostic yield of the neurophysiological evaluation. The H max to M max RATIO (H/M RATIO) is considered a suitable index for illustrating the level of reflex excitability of the motor pool.Methods: In this study posterior tibial nerve H/M RATIO changes in cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) evaluated. This investigation was carried out in 22 normal subjects aged 40-65 years with mean 52 years, and in 40 patients with CVA aged 42-63 years with mean 57 years.Results: In normal subjects no significant differences were found between the mean values observed between right and left sides. In patients significant increased H/M RATIOs in both sides with more in non-plegic leg (P<0.01) were found. The facilitation of Babinsky sign in patients is significantly associated with low H/M RATIOs (P=0.003). The H/M RATIO changes were not significantly associated with severity of hemiplegia (P=0.3 for lower extremities, P=0.9 for upper extremities). The H/M RATIO was increased in ischemic lesions (P<0.01), but in intracerebral hemorrhages the soleus H/M RATIO increases in non-plegic side the same as the plegic side.Conclusion: The posterior tibial nerve H/M RATIOs are increased in CVA bilaterally due to decreased presynaptic inhibition Ia terminals, thus amplitude of H reflexes increased without increased amplitude of M response.

The method of selection of the study design decides the type of analysis 10 be used. Case-Control studies assess the causes of a particular outcome, comparing a group of individuals who have experienced the outcome under study with a group who have net.Results appear as a two by two table. As these two groups are sampled separately, the rate of the disease in the exposed or unexposed groups can not be calculated. However, the Odds RATIO can be obtained. The Odds RATIO is sometimes referred to as the cross product RATIO.                        Cases                            Controls Exposed            a                                  b Unexposed         c                                  d Odds RATIO (a/b)I (c/d) = ad/bc